成考专升本英语阅读理解要点分析一

　　阅读理解的问题可分为：

　　主题思想判断

　　细节定位

　　逻辑推理

　　1. 主题思想判断

　　常见的问题为：

　　The best title for the passage is_______.

　　This passage talks mainly about________.

　　The main idea of this passage is…

　　What does this passage mainly discuss？

　　2. 细节定位

　　when， where， who， why， how. 常见的问题有：

　　According to the passage， which of the following is true？

　　According to the passage， which of the following in NOT true？

　　According to the passage， all of the following are true EXCEPT…？

　　The passage suggests that…

　　How/When/Where does something happen？

　　3.逻辑推理

　　常见的问题为：

　　From the passage， it can be inferred that…

　　This passage has probably been taken from…

　　这类问题一般有三个特点：1.不违背推理原则； 2. 推断条件充分； 3. 理解题的答案不明显。 如果问题中有了imply， suggest， infer等表示暗示意义的词时，解题时切不可把原文中已明确陈述的事实作为答案。另外要特别注意文中出现的修饰语。

　　有些阅读考查学生的推理能力。这类的问题一般不能从文章中直接找出答案，应该找到相关信息在文章中的位置，联系上下文进行推理。如一篇文章中有这样的一句话：

　　If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean， your ship enters a different time zone every day.

　　3.逻辑推理

　　If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean， your ship enters a different time zone every day.

　　后面有一个问题：

　　From this passage it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean_________.

　　A. is in on e time zone

　　B. is divided into twenty-four zones

　　C. is divided into five time zones

　　D. cannot be crossed in five days

　　在阅读考试中，考生的常识和知识面与阅读能力同样重要，考生平时应该进行广泛阅读。如在一篇谈到地球上时区划分的文章中有这样的一个问题：

　　The international date line is the name for_________.

　　A. the beginning of any new time zone

　　B. any point where time changes by one hour

　　C. the point where a new day begins

　　D. any time zone in the Pacific Ocean

　　阅读理解的方法：

　　先不读文章、先去看问题，看一个问题、找相关的文章在什么地方。

　　Passage 1

　　Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules， as there are for such games as golf and football. There are， however， rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore， but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

　　If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports， we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”。 We may well be mistaken in this. There are， it is true， no “matches” between “teams” of climbers， but when climbers are on a rock face， linked by a rope on which their lives may depend， there is obviously teamwork……

　　The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

　　It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men， but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

　　1. Which of the following is not a “team game”？

　　A. Football.    B. Volleyball.

　　C. Tennis.D. Mountaineering.

　　Mountaineering   爬山

　　2. To ignore the rules of mountaineering would ______.

　　A. be dangerous

　　B. not do any harm

　　C. help the climbers to climb faster

　　D. give the climbers more freedom in the course of climbing

　　ignore   忽略，忽视

　　dangerous  危险的

　　3. According to the author， many people are attracted by mountain-eering because ______.

　　A. it is both dangerous and exciting

　　B. there is gold on some mountain peaks

　　C. it is the best form of sport

　　D. it is a sport free from man-made rules

　　attracted  有兴趣的

　　freedom  自由

　　4. Only _______ can climb the highest mountains in the Alps.

　　A. experienced old men

　　B. young people

　　C. those who have high mental and physical qualities

　　D. strong sportsmen

　　Alps  阿尔卑斯山

　　mental  脑力的

　　5. Compared with young men， old climbers of sixty may climb a mountain with ______.

　　A. more skill

　　B. less time

　　C. less enjoyment

　　D. much more waste of effort

　　第一步：先看问题

　　第二步：找关键词

　　第三步：先读懂问题，再读懂关键词所在的句子

　　第四步：选项中的词和文章中的词有相近的关系

　　who climb mountains （这是一个定语从句，在这里修饰 those）

　　每一段的第一句话是这段的主题句（topic sentence）

　　linked by a rope on which（定语从句，介词放在前面）

　　teamwork  团对合作

　　that are stronger and more powerful than man（定语从句，修饰forces）

　　topic sentence（It is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.）

　　Passage 2

　　Can animals be made to work for us？ Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.

　　They point out that at a circus， for example， we may see elephants， monkeys， dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely， you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of fruit as a reward. The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get reward for doing them.

　　Of course， as we know， dogs can be used to guard a house， and soldiers in both old and modern times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes near. But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories， In Russia， for example， pigeons， which are birdswith good eyesight， are being used to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are being made in one factory. When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others， it touches a steel plate with its beak （鸟嘴）。 This turns on a light to warn people in the factory. At the same time a few seeds are given as a reward. It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon can inspect 3，000 to 4，000 balls an hour.

　　Apes （类人猿） have been used in American in helping to make cars， and scientists believe that these large monkeys maybe one day gather crops and even drive trains.

　　1. What made scientists think animals can be made to work for us one day？

　　A. Animals are very skillful at a circus.

　　B. They are big and strong.

　　C. Some animals are as clever as human beings.

　　D. Animals can be trained because they like to get something as a reward.

　　scientists  科学家

　　What made scientists think 什么使得科学家认为什么 a number of +可数名词复数

　　reward  报酬，奖励

　　2. The trainer usually gives the animal a piece of candy or fruit ______.

　　A. when it is hungry

　　B. before it plays a trick

　　C. when it starts to play a trick

　　D. after it has done the trick

　　skillful things在此相当于问题里面的trick（把戏，戏法）

　　3. The “reward” in the passage means ______.

　　A. an honour given for doing something

　　B. money paid for doing something

　　C. attention paid to good conduct

　　D. something given in return for work

　　honour  荣誉

　　conduct  n  行为，品行

　　v  领导，指导

　　4. Many animals may be trained to do simple jobs if they know ______.

　　A. who their trainers are

　　B. they will be praised by their trainers

　　C. they will get a reward

　　D. something dangerous will happen to them

　　dangerous  危险的

　　5. Which of the following is not true？

　　A. Scientists consider apes may drive trains some day.

　　B. Apes have worked in some factories.

　　C. Apes may one day be used to gather crops.

　　D. An ape is not a large monkey.

　　monkey  猴子

　　geese  鹅

　　make a noise  发出声音

　　watch out： 戒备、提防（可能发生的麻烦）

　　eg. Watch out！ There's a car coming. 小心！汽车来了。

　　Watch out for sb./sth.： 警惕或注意某人（某事物）

　　eg. The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.

　　已经要求职员留意伪钞。

　　which looks different from others（定语从句，修饰前面的ball）

　　turn on  开

　　Passage 3

　　We cannot feel speed. But our senses let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past us and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration， an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For instance， we feel it during the take off run of an airliner.

　　We feel the plane's acceleration because our bodies do not gain speed as fast as the seat. Actually， our bodies are trying to stay in the same place， while the plane is carrying us forward.

　　Soon the plane reaches a steady speed. Then， because there is no longer any change in speed， the feeling of forward notion stops.

　　1. We can tell that we are moving by ______.

　　A. watching things move past

　　B. feeling the speed

　　C. feeling ourselves being shaken

　　D. Both A and C

　　tell （在此处）分辨

　　2. Acceleration is the name for ______.

　　A. an increase in speed

　　B. a steady speed

　　C. any kind of movement

　　D. the movement of a plane

　　acceleration  加速度

　　increase  增加

　　steady  平稳的

　　3. During the take off of a plane， we feel that we are being ______.

　　A. thrown forward    B. pushed back against the seat        C. lifted out of the seat

　　D. pushed down into the seat

　　for instance  举例，例如

　　airliner  客机      take off  起飞   lift out 从……上面抬起来   push down  推下去，陷进去

　　4. We feel the plane's acceleration because out bodies gain speed ______.

　　A. just as fast as the plane    B. faster than the planeC. more slowly than the plane

　　D. before the plane

　　5. The best title for this selection is ______.

　　A. The Takeoff Run of an Airliner      B. Our Feeling of Speed

　　C. The Acceleration         D. Speed Acceleration

　　Passage 4

　　Volcanoes （火山） have been erupting （爆发） on the earth for millions of years. More than five hundred still erupt today. These are called active volcanoes. Volcanoes are located in belts or chains. They are found where the earth's crust （外壳） is weak. The weak spots let the hot rock escape when the volcano erupts.

　　Many volcano belts are mountain ranges along the edges of continents. One belt runs along the western coast of South America up through the western part of the United States. Other volcanoes are found in ocean basins.

　　About three-fifths of all active volcanoes in the world are in the Pacific Ocean. Many of these volcanoes erupt under the water. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that began erupting under water and finally reached the surface of the ocean.

　　1. The selection says that about five hundred volcanoes ______.

　　A. will erupt this year     B. are still active     C. are located under water

　　D. are all that have ever been discovered   首段首句非常关键         1. B

　　2. Volcanoes are found ______.

　　A. where the earth's crust is weak  B. along the edges of continents  C. in the ocean basins of the world

　　D. all of the above         2. D

　　3. Most of the active volcanoes are located in ______.

　　A. South America    B. the Pacific Ocean   C. the western United States   D. the Atlantic Ocean

　　3. B

　　4. The Hawaiian Islands were built by volcanoes that ______.

　　A. began erupting under water   B. formed a mountain range under water   C. finally reached the surface of the ocean     D. Both A and C               4. D

　　5. The best title for this selection is ______.

　　A. How the Hawaiian Islands Were Built    B. At the Bottom of the Ocean    C. Why Volcanoes Erupt

　　D. The Earth's Volcanoes     5. D

　　Passage 5

　　The Antarctic （南极洲） is actually a desert. It is the only continent on the earth without a river or a lake.

　　The Antarctic is all ice all year round. The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero， at the South Pole. Explorers used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snowfall. But less than ten inches of snow falls each year. That is less than half an inch of water. Ten times that much moisture falls in parts of the Sahara.

　　The little snow that falls in Antarctic never melts. It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year. When the snow gets to be about eighty feet deep it is turned to ice by the weight of the snow above it.

　　1. Antarctica is called a desert because it ______.

　　A. is sandy

　　B. has the same temperature as a desert

　　C. has little moisture and no lakes or rivers   D. All of the above     1. C

　　2. The Antarctic has ______.

　　A. ten times as much moisture as the Sahara

　　B. the same amount of moisture as the Sahara

　　C. about one-tenth the moisture of the Sahara

　　D. None of these.   2. D

　　3. The temperature in the Antarctic is ______.

　　A. always above zero    B. always below zero     C. never recorded   D. Both B and C   3. B

　　4. The snow in Antarctic is very deep because it ______.

　　A. never stops falling   B. piles up year after year   C. never melts   D. Both B and C

　　pile up  增多，积累           4. D

　　5. The snow turns to ice when ______.

　　A. it gets wet   B. the temperature gets colder     C. the next snowfall comes

　　D. the snow above it is heavy enough          5. D

　　Passage 6

　　Astronomers （宇航员） can tell just how hot the surface of the moon gets. The side of the moon toward the sun gets two degrees hotter than boiling water. The night side reaches 243 degrees below zero.

　　In a lunar eclipse （月食） the earth's shadow falls on the moon. Then the moon's temperature may drop 300 degrees in a very short time.

　　A temperature change like this cannot happen on the earth. Why does it happen on the moon？ Astronomers know that the surface of the moon is dust. On the earth， rocks store heat from the sun. When the sun goes down， the rocks stay warm. But the dust of the moon cannot store heat. So when the moon gets dark， the heat escapes quickly. The moon gets very cold.

　　1. Astronomers have found that the moon's surface is ______.

　　A. always hotter than boiling water

　　B. either very hot or very cold

　　C. usually many degrees below zero

　　D. about the same as that of the earth

　　一般情况下，文章第一句话（主题句）是表明文章的中心。that指代temperature. 答案：B

　　2. During a lunar eclipse， the moon is ______.

　　A. turned away from the sun

　　B. in the shadow of the sun

　　C. in the shadow of the earth

　　D. in direct sunlight        答案：C

　　3. Temperatures on the moon change ______.

　　A. very quickly          B. by only a few degrees

　　C. very slowly           D. only when there is an eclipse     答案：A

　　4. Temperatures on the earth change ______.

　　A. less than those on the moon

　　B. more slowly than those on the moon

　　C. more quickly than those on the moon

　　D. Both A and B         答案：D

　　5. The surface of the moon is ______.

　　A. rock that stores heat

　　B. dust that stores heat

　　C. dust that cannot store heat

　　D. rock that does not store heat

　　store  存储        答案：C

　　本文重点掌握第4题和第5题。

　　第4题主要在没有关键词的情况下，进行常识判断并选择。

　　第5题运用关键词定位原文，并排除错误选项，再对余下的选项对照原文进行二次分析，最终确定选项。

　　Passage 7

　　In our daily life， few people notice the fact that warm water freezes more quickly than cold. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him till 1970. In that year Canadian Scientist George Kell proved the English scholar was right. Dr. Kell filled an open bucket with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He exposed both to the same low temperature. The warm water froze first.

　　The lack of covers on the buckets was the secret. Some of the warm water changed to vapor. It evaporated （蒸发） into the air. This meant that less of the warm water was left to freeze. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.

　　1. Sir Francis Bacon was ______.

　　A. an American experimenter    B. a Canadian scientist

　　C. an English scholar            D. an Australian writer

　　本句that 引导的是同位语从句。

　　常见的同位语从句的引导词：idea、fact、news、fear、belief、doubt、proof、evidence等。

　　答案：C

　　2. Dr. Kell's buckets were both ______.

　　A. filled with water                     B. left uncovered

　　C. exposed to the same temperature   D. All of the above

　　another指的是another bucket.  expose  暴露   uncovered  无盖的    答案：D

　　3. The second paragraph tells why ______.

　　A. Dr. Kell was studying water

　　B. the warm water froze first

　　C. Dr. Kell used buckets in his work

　　D. water freezes in underground pipes

　　underground  地下的      答案：B

　　4. No water vapor would have escaped into the air if the bucket had been ______.

　　A. warmed        B. covered        C. shaken        D. filled

　　if the bucket had been  虚拟语气    答案：B

　　5. The cold water froze more slowly because ______.

　　A. salt was added to it         B. its bucket was smaller

　　C. there was more of it left    D. the air near it was moving   答案：C

　　做阅读理解时，要抓紧时间，对于简单的题目（如：常识题）不要花太多时间，对于较难的题目要对照原文多加分析。

　　下次课的主要内容是Passage 8和Passage 9，预习并找出两篇文章的关键句。